:: : Use the Fundamental Counting Principle or the " FCP ".
2.
All of this falls under the " fundamental counting principle " ( FCP ).
3.
In actuality, the total is derived at by 2 times 2 = 4 . ( This is called the fundamental counting principle . ) In the second example, you have now limited your " alphabet " to the three letters A, B, C . But-- it seems-- you are only interested in " 3-letter " arrangements.